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Compare Iraq (2003) - Cape Verde (2001)

Compare Iraq (2003) z Cape Verde (2001)

 Iraq (2003)Cape Verde (2001)
 IraqCape Verde
Administrative divisions 18 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah, An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, At Ta'mim, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala', Maysan, Ninawa, Salah ad Din, Wasit 14 districts (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Fogo, Maio, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Nicolau, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal; note - there may be a new administrative structure of 16 districts (Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Praia, Porto Novo, Ribeira Grande, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Cruz, Sao Domingos, Sao Nicolau, Sao Filipe, Sao Vicente, Tarrafal)
Age structure 0-14 years: 40.7% (male 5,103,669; female 4,946,443)


15-64 years: 56.3% (male 7,033,268; female 6,855,644)


65 years and over: 3% (male 348,790; female 395,499) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
42.79% (male 87,458; female 85,895)

15-64 years:
50.76% (male 97,812; female 107,834)

65 years and over:
6.45% (male 10,204; female 15,960) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep bananas, corn, beans, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, coffee, peanuts; fish
Airports 150 (2002); note - unknown number were damaged during the March-April 2003 war 8 (2000)
Airports - with paved runways total: 77


over 3,047 m: 21


2,438 to 3,047 m: 36


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 9 (2002)
total:
8

over 3,047 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
7 (2000)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 73


over 3,047 m: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 24


914 to 1,523 m: 28


under 914 m: 11 (2002)
-
Area total: 437,072 sq km


land: 432,162 sq km


water: 4,910 sq km
total:
4,033 sq km

land:
4,033 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Idaho slightly larger than Rhode Island
Background Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by Britain during the course of World War I; in 1920, it was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration. In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. A "republic" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of military strongmen have ruled the country since then, the latest being SADDAM Husayn. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait, but was expelled by US-led, UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions over a period of 12 years resulted in the US-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime. Coalition forces remain in Iraq, helping to restore degraded infrastructure and facilitating the establishment of a freely elected government. The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; they subsequently became a trading center for African slaves. Most Cape Verdeans descend from both groups. Independence was achieved in 1975.
Birth rate 33.66 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 28.71 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $NA


expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
revenues:
$188 million

expenditures:
$228 million, including capital expenditures of $116 million (1996)
Capital Baghdad Praia
Climate mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic
Coastline 58 km 965 km
Constitution in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition new constitution came into force 25 September 1992; underwent a major revision on 23 November 1995, substantially increasing the powers of the president
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Iraq


conventional short form: Iraq


local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah


local short form: Al Iraq
conventional long form:
Republic of Cape Verde

conventional short form:
Cape Verde

local long form:
Republica de Cabo Verde

local short form:
Cabo Verde
Currency Iraqi dinar (IQD) Cape Verdean escudo (CVE)
Death rate 5.84 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 7.19 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $120 billion (2002 est.) $260 million (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition chief of mission:
Ambassador Michael D. METELITS

embassy:
Rua Abilio Macedo 81, Praia

mailing address:
C. P. 201, Praia

telephone:
[238] 61 56 16

FAX:
[238] 61 13 55
Diplomatic representation in the US in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition chief of mission:
Ambassador Ferdinand Amilcar Spencer LOPES

chancery:
3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 965-6820

FAX:
[1] (202) 965-1207

consulate(s) general:
Boston
Disputes - international despite restored diplomatic relations in 1990, disputes with Iran over maritime and land boundaries, navigation channel, and other issues from eight-year war persist; land and Shatt al Arab boundary demarcation put an end to claims to Kuwait and to Bubiyan and Warbah islands, but no maritime boundary exists with Kuwait in the Persian Gulf; Iraq protests Turkey's hydrological projects to regulate the Tigris and Euphrates rivers upstream none
Economic aid - recipient $327.5 million (1995) $111.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview Iraq's economy is dominated by the oil sector, which has traditionally provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. In the 1980s financial problems caused by massive expenditures in the eight-year war with Iran and damage to oil export facilities by Iran led the government to implement austerity measures, borrow heavily, and later reschedule foreign debt payments; Iraq suffered economic losses from the war of at least $100 billion. After hostilities ended in 1988, oil exports gradually increased with the construction of new pipelines and restoration of damaged facilities. Iraq's seizure of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international economic sanctions, and damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991 drastically reduced economic activity. Although government policies supporting large military and internal security forces and allocating resources to key supporters of the regime have hurt the economy, implementation of the UN's oil-for-food program beginning in December 1996 helped improve conditions for the average Iraqi citizen. Iraq was allowed to export limited amounts of oil in exchange for food, medicine, and some infrastructure spare parts. In December 1999 the UN Security Council authorized Iraq to export under the program as much oil as required to meet humanitarian needs. Oil exports have recently been more than three-quarters prewar level. However, 28% of Iraq's export revenues under the program have been deducted to meet UN Compensation Fund and UN administrative expenses. The drop in GDP in 2001-02 was largely the result of the global economic slowdown and lower oil prices. Per capita food imports increased significantly, while medical supplies and health care services steadily improved. Per capita output and living standards were still well below the prewar level, but any estimates have a wide range of error. The military victory of the US-led coalition in March-April 2003 resulted in the shutdown of much of the central economic administrative structure and the loss of a comparatively small amount of capital plant. Cape Verde's low per capita GDP reflects a poor natural resource base, including serious water shortages exacerbated by cycles of long-term drought. The economy is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for almost 70% of GDP. Although nearly 70% of the population lives in rural areas, the share of agriculture in GDP in 1998 was only 13%, of which fishing accounts for 1.5%. About 90% of food must be imported. The fishing potential, mostly lobster and tuna, is not fully exploited. Cape Verde annually runs a high trade deficit, financed by foreign aid and remittances from emigrants; remittances constitute a supplement to GDP of more than 20%. Economic reforms, launched by the new democratic government in 1991, are aimed at developing the private sector and attracting foreign investment to diversify the economy. Prospects for 2001 depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, remittances, and the momentum of the government's development program.
Electricity - consumption 33.49 billion kWh (2001) 37.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 36.01 billion kWh (2001) 40 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 98.4%


hydro: 1.6%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: unamed peak 3,611 m; note - this peak is not Gundah Zhur 3,607 m or Kuh-e Hajji-Ebrahim 3,595 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mt. Fogo 2,829 m (a volcano on Fogo Island)
Environment - current issues government water control projects have drained most of the inhabited marsh areas east of An Nasiriyah by drying up or diverting the feeder streams and rivers; a once sizable population of Marsh Arabs, who inhabited these areas for thousands of years, has been displaced; furthermore, the destruction of the natural habitat poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate supplies of potable water; development of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers system contingent upon agreements with upstream riparian Turkey; air and water pollution; soil degradation (salination) and erosion; desertification overgrazing of livestock and improper land use such as the cultivation of crops on steep slopes has led to soil erosion; demand for wood used as fuel has resulted in deforestation; desertification; environmental damage has threatened several species of birds and reptiles; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban


signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Arab 75%-80%, Kurdish 15%-20%, Turkoman, Assyrian or other 5% Creole (mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Exchange rates Iraqi dinars per US dollar - 0.31 (2002), 0.31 (2001), 0.31 (2000), 0.31 (1999), 0.31 (1998), note: fixed official rate since 1982; market rate subject to wide fluctuations Cape Verdean escudos per US dollar - 123.080 (December 2000), 115.877 (2000), 102.700 (1999), 98.158 (1998), 93.177 (1997), 82.591 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition chief of state:
President Pedro PIRES (since 22 March 2001)

head of government:
Prime Minister Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 1 February 1991)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 and 25 February 2001 (next to be held NA February 2006); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president

election results:
Pedro PIRES elected president; percent of vote - Pedro PIRES (PAICV) 49.43%, Carlos VIEGA (MPD) 49.42%; note: the election was won by only twelve votes
Exports NA (2001) $40 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities crude oil fuel, shoes, garments, fish, bananas, hides
Exports - partners US 40.9%, Canada 8.2%, France 8.2%, Jordan 7.5%, Netherlands 6.4%, Italy 5.4%, Morocco 4.7%, Spain 4.4% (2002) Portugal, UK, Germany, Spain, France, Malaysia
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with three green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; the phrase ALLAHU AKBAR (God is Great) in green Arabic script - Allahu to the right of the middle star and Akbar to the left of the middle star - was added in January 1991 during the Persian Gulf crisis; similar to the flag of Syria which has two stars but no script and the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt which has a symbolic eagle centered in the white band three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands
GDP purchasing power parity - $58 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $670 million (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 6%


industry: 13%


services: 81% (1993 est.)
agriculture:
13%

industry:
19%

services:
68% (1998)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,400 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -3% (2002 est.) 6% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 33 00 N, 44 00 E 16 00 N, 24 00 W
Geography - note strategic location on Shatt al Arab waterway and at the head of the Persian Gulf strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; important communications station; important sea and air refueling site
Heliports 5 (2002) -
Highways total: 45,550 km


paved: 38,399 km


unpaved: 7,151 km (2000 est.)
total:
1,100 km

paved:
858 km

unpaved:
242 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs - used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Africa destined for Western Europe
Imports NA (2001) $250 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities food, medicine, manufactures foodstuffs, industrial products, transport equipment, fuels
Imports - partners Jordan 11%, France 8.8%, China 8.4%, Germany 7.6%, Russia 7.3%, Australia 7.2%, Vietnam 6.6%, Italy 6.4%, Japan 5.6% (2002) Portugal, Netherlands, France, UK, Spain, US
Independence 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration) 5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries petroleum, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food processing food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair
Infant mortality rate total: 55.16 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 61.09 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 48.95 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
53.22 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 70% (2002 est.) 4% (2000)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACC, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, EAPC, ESCWA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 35,250 sq km (1998 est.) 1,500 to 2,000 hectares (1999)
Judicial branch in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Supremo Tribunal de Justia
Labor force 6.5 million (2002 est.) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% -
Land boundaries total: 3,650 km


border countries: Iran 1,458 km, Jordan 181 km, Kuwait 240 km, Saudi Arabia 814 km, Syria 605 km, Turkey 352 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 11.89%


permanent crops: 0.78%


other: 87.33% (1998 est.)
arable land:
11%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
83% (1993 est.)
Languages Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian Portuguese, Crioulo (a blend of Portuguese and West African words)
Legal system in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition derived from the legal system of Portugal
Legislative branch in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 14 January 2001 (next to be held NA December 2005)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PAICV 47.3%, MPD 39.8%, ADM 6%, other 6.9%; seats by party - PAICV 40, MPD 30, ADM 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 67.81 years


male: 66.7 years


female: 68.99 years (2003 est.)
total population:
69.21 years

male:
65.93 years

female:
72.6 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 40.4%


male: 55.9%


female: 24.4% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
71.6%

male:
81.4%

female:
63.8% (1995 est.)
Location Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal
Map references Middle East World
Maritime claims continental shelf: not specified


territorial sea: 12 NM
measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 18 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 119,433 GRT/170,221 DWT


ships by type: cargo 9, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 1 (2002 est.)
total:
5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,523 GRT/11,798 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 4, chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Republican Guard, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Force, Border Guard Force, Fedayeen Saddam; note - with the defeat of Saddam Hussein's regime in 2003, the data listed in the following entries for Iraq is invalid, but is retained here for historical purposes and until replaced by valid information related to the future Iraqi Government (April 2003) Army, Coast Guard/Marines
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.3 billion (FY00) $4 million (FY96)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA% 1.8% (FY96)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 6,339,458 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
89,543 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 3,541,467 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
50,615 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 292,930 (2003 est.) -
National holiday Revolution Day, 17 July (1968) Independence Day, 5 July (1975)
Nationality noun: Iraqi(s)


adjective: Iraqi
noun:
Cape Verdean(s)

adjective:
Cape Verdean
Natural hazards dust storms, sandstorms, floods prolonged droughts; harmattan wind can obscure visibility; volcanically and seismically active
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur salt, basalt rock, pozzuolana (a siliceous volcanic ash used to produce hydraulic cement), limestone, kaolin, fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) -12.37 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines gas 1,739 km; oil 5,418 km; refined products 1,343 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition African Party for Independence of Cape Verde or PAICV [Jose Maria NEVES, chairman]; Democratic Alliance for Change or ADM [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO] (a coalition of PCD, PTS, and UCID); Democratic Renovation Party or PRD [Jacinto SANTOS, president]; Movement for Democracy or MPD [Antonio Gualberto do ROSARIO, president]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Dr. Eurico MONTEIRO, president]; Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS [Dr. Oresimo SILVEIRA, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Joao ALEM, president]; Union for an Independent Democratic Cape Verde or UCID [Antonio MONTEIRO, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition NA
Population 24,683,313 (July 2003 est.) 405,163 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA NA%
Population growth rate 2.78% (2003 est.) 0.92% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Umm Qasr, Khawr az Zubayr, and Al Basrah have limited functionality Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal
Radio broadcast stations AM 19 (5 are inactive), FM 51, shortwave 4 (1998) AM 0, FM 11 (and 14 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 73,000 (1997)
Railways total: 1,963 km


standard gauge: 1,963 km 1.435-m gauge (2003)
0 km
Religions Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3% Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.91 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.64 male(s)/female

total population:
0.93 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage formerly 18 years of age; universal; note - in transition following April 2003 defeat of SADDAM Husayn regime by US-led coalition 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: an unknown number of telecommunication facilities were damaged during the March-April 2003 war


domestic: the network consists of coaxial cables and microwave radio relay links


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Arabsat (inoperative); coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; Kuwait line is probably nonoperational
general assessment:
effective system, being improved

domestic:
interisland microwave radio relay system with both analog and digital exchanges; work is in progress on a submarine fiber-optic cable system which was scheduled for completion in 1998

international:
2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 675,000 (1997); note - an unknown number of telephone lines were damaged or destroyed during the March-April war 45,644 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA; service available in northern Iraq (2001) 19,729 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 13 (1997); note - unknown number were destroyed during the March-April 2003 war 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
Total fertility rate 4.52 children born/woman (2003 est.) 4.05 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 24% (1999 est.)
Waterways 1,015 km


note: Shatt al Arab is usually navigable by maritime traffic for about 130 km; channel has been dredged to 3 m and is in use; Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have navigable sections for shallow-draft boats; Shatt al Basrah canal was navigable by shallow-draft craft before closing in 1991 because of the Gulf war
none
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